Integrasi Sistem Informasi Geografis, Maritime Domain Awareness, dan Penataan Ruang Laut sebagai Decision Support System Keamanan Maritim Nasional Indonesia
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Indonesia menghadapi ancaman keamanan maritim yang bersifat multidimensi dan spasial, mencakup illegal fishing, penyelundupan, perdagangan manusia, pencemaran laut, pelanggaran wilayah, bencana pesisir, risiko siber, dan konflik pemanfaatan ruang laut. Indonesia juga telah memiliki berbagai sistem digital sektoral yang beroperasi secara terpisah: OSS, CEISA, INSW/NLE, AIS, VTS, InaRISK, dan KKPRL. Artikel ini menganalisis integrasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG), Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), dan penataan ruang laut sebagai Decision Support System (DSS) untuk memperkuat keamanan maritim nasional. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif melalui studi literatur, analisis kebijakan, dan pemodelan konseptual. Kerangka analisis mengacu pada matriks keamanan maritim Christian Bueger yang menghubungkan sea power, marine safety, blue economy, dan resilience. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa ketiga konsep membentuk DSS melalui relasi hierarkis: SIG berperan sebagai platform integrasi geospasial, MDA sebagai proses pembentukan kesadaran situasional lintas sektoral, dan penataan ruang laut sebagai instrumen legalitas dan pengendalian yang memberi konteks spasial bagi interpretasi ancaman. Hasil kajian merekomendasikan arsitektur federatif dan interoperabel di mana sistem-sistem digital sektoral tidak perlu dilebur, melainkan dihubungkan melalui standar metadata, API, katalog data, data exchange layer, hak akses bertingkat, dan tata kelola keamanan siber. Roadmap empat tahap menuju Indonesia Emas 2045 diusulkan: fondasi interoperabilitas (2025–2030), integrasi operasional lintas fungsi (2030–2035), analitik prediktif berbasis AI (2035–2040), dan DSS maritim nasional adaptif (2040–2045).
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