Strategi Transformasi Digital Sistem Informasi Geografis Nasional dalam Mendukung Keamanan Maritim Indonesia Menuju Indonesia Emas 2045
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Keamanan maritim Indonesia menghadapi kesenjangan struktural antara luas yurisdiksi laut yang harus diawasi dan kapasitas Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) Nasional yang masih terfragmentasi antarlembaga, belum sepenuhnya terintegrasi dengan teknologi digital mutakhir, dan rentan terhadap ancaman siber yang terus berkembang. Literatur yang membahas transformasi digital, geoinformatika, dan keamanan maritim selama ini berkembang secara terpisah menurut disiplin masing-masing, sehingga belum tersedia kerangka strategi yang menautkan seluruh dimensi tersebut secara terintegrasi bagi konteks kepulauan Indonesia menuju Indonesia Emas 2045. Penelitian ini mengembangkan strategi transformasi digital SIG Nasional sebagai fondasi keamanan maritim melalui integrasi kecerdasan buatan, big data, Internet of Things, cloud computing, digital twin, penginderaan jauh, Spatial Data Infrastructure, dan Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure. Penelitian menggunakan Systematic Literature Review mengikuti protokol PRISMA 2020, dipadukan dengan narrative synthesis, thematic analysis, dan critical literature synthesis. Pencarian pada basis data Scopus dan Web of Science menghasilkan 70 rekaman awal, yang setelah penghapusan duplikasi, penyaringan judul-abstrak, dan penilaian kualitas menggunakan kriteria CASP dan AACODS, menyisakan 47 artikel sebagai korpus akhir. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa transformasi digital SIG Nasional menghadapi empat lapis tantangan yang saling mengunci, yaitu fragmentasi data, kerentanan siber, kesenjangan kompetensi sumber daya manusia, dan ketiadaan kebijakan yang mengikat lintas instansi. Penelitian ini merumuskan kerangka kompetensi SDM tiga jenjang, empat elemen kebijakan nasional, empat pilar keamanan siber data geospasial, rantai nilai integrasi teknologi enam lapisan, lima prinsip strategi nasional, serta roadmap implementasi empat fase sepanjang 2025–2045. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan transformasi digital ditentukan oleh urutan pembangunan kapasitas pada keempat lapis tersebut, bukan oleh kecanggihan teknologi semata. Penelitian ini berkontribusi memperluas kerangka transformasi digital ke ranah geospasial-maritim, menawarkan pendekatan sintesis kritis lintas disiplin, dan menyediakan peta jalan operasional bagi Badan Informasi Geospasial, Kementerian Pertahanan, dan Badan Keamanan Laut dalam merancang arsitektur SIG Nasional yang tangguh menuju Indonesia Emas 2045.
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