Sistem Informasi Geografik untuk Penataan Ruang Wilayah Maritim:Menuju Kerangka Terintegrasi untuk Keamanan Maritim (Systematic Review)
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Pertumbuhan pesat aktivitas maritim dan peningkatan ancaman terhadap keamanan laut menuntut adanya alat pengelolaan spasial yang canggih. Sistem Informasi Geografis telah muncul sebagai teknologi kunci dalam Maritime Spaatial Planning/MSP dan kesadaran domain maritime/MDA. Namun, sintesis literatur yang menghubungkan teknologi SIG, perencanaan tata ruang laut, dan keamanan maritim masih terbatas. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, dan mensintesis literatur yang telah ditinjau mengenai penerapan GIS dan teknologi geospasial dalam perencanaan tata ruang maritim dalam konteks keamanan maritim, sehingga menyediakan pengetahuan untuk pembuatan kebijakan dan penelitian selanjutnya. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), dengan data dari Dimensions AI menggunakan strategi pencarian Boolean empat tahap yang difilter untuk artikel jurnal yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 dan 2026. Dari kumpulan awal 82 artikel yang diperoleh melalui pencarian string khusus bidang (String 4), total 33 artikel dipilih untuk dimasukkan ke dalam analisis akhir setelah penyaringan sistematis berdasarkan tiga kriteria: unsur GIS/geospasial, konteks maritim, dan relevansi keamanan/pengawasan/perencanaan ruang. Kumpulan artikel ilmiah menunjukkan lima kelompok utama: deteksi dan pelacakan kapal menggunakan teknologi berbasis satelit dan AIS; kerangka kerja dan tata kelola perencanaan ruang maritim; kesadaran domain maritim dan pengawasan keamanan; infrastruktur data geospasial untuk aplikasi maritim; implementasi spesifik konteks termasuk negara kepulauan dan pengelolaan zona pesisir. Hasil studi menunjukkan integrasi GIS dengan data Sistem Identifikasi Otomatis/AIS, penginderaan jauh, dan kecerdasan buatan secara signifikan meningkatkan kesadaran situasional maritim dan efektivitas perencanaan ruang. Kesimpulan studi didapati perencanaan tata ruang maritim yang terintegrasi dengan GIS merupakan alat penting untuk memperkuat keamanan maritim.
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