Peran Sistem Informasi Geografis Dalam Penguatan Maritime Domain Awareness: Systematic Literature Review Berbasis PRISMA 2020
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Abstract
Keamanan maritim kontemporer menuntut pengawasan berbasis integrasi teknologi geospasial dan kecerdasan buatan untuk menghadapi ancaman non-tradisional. Sistem Informasi Geografis (GIS) kini bertransformasi dari alat pemetaan statis menjadi platform analitis cerdas yang berkonvergensi dengan penginderaan jauh, Automatic Identification System (AIS), big data, cloud computing, dan digital twin guna mendukung Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). Bagi Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia, integrasi teknologi ini mendesak mengingat luasnya perairan dan kompleksitas ancaman seperti penangkapan ikan ilegal dan penyelundupan, sementara literatur yang ada masih mengkaji tiap domain teknologi secara terpisah tanpa sintesis lintas-tema yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan dan mensintesiskan literatur mengenai peran GIS, remote sensing, AIS, kecerdasan buatan, big data, cloud GIS, dan digital twin dalam penguatan MDA, serta merumuskan arah penelitian masa depan yang relevan bagi konteks Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) mengacu pada PRISMA 2020 melalui empat tahap Identification, Screening, Eligibility, dan Included Studies dengan pencarian pada Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, dan MDPI. Sebanyak 19 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan disintesiskan ke dalam sepuluh tema: GIS, remote sensing, AIS, kecerdasan buatan, big data, cloud GIS, MDA, digital twin, keamanan siber, dan arah penelitian masa depan. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa literatur pada level komponen teknis khususnya deteksi kapal berbasis deep learning dan deteksi anomali AIS telah mencapai kematangan metodologis tinggi, namun masih terdapat kesenjangan pada integrasi sistemik lintas domain serta minimnya validasi kontekstual di kawasan maritim Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perkembangan literatur menunjukkan pola konvergensi teknologi yang semakin erat, di mana GIS telah bertransformasi menjadi platform integrasi cerdas yang menyatukan data dari citra satelit, UAV, AIS, dan sensor bawah laut melalui lapisan analitik berbasis kecerdasan buatan, sebagaimana tercermin dalam kerangka MDA.
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